Differentiating Psychology and Occupational Therapy for Neurodivergent People
When seeking support for neurodivergent individuals, it can sometimes be unclear whether a psychologist or an occupational therapist (OT) is the most appropriate professional to consult. On the surface, these roles may seem to overlap, particularly as both professions are dedicated to helping people navigate their daily lives and achieve goals. However, their training, focus areas, and approaches are distinct.
The Role of Psychologists
Psychologists primarily focus on the cognitive capacities of neurodivergent individuals. Their work involves assessing and supporting cognitive functions such as attention, orientation, memory, and emotional regulation. Through structured evidence-based interventions, they equip individuals with coping skills and strategies to manage their emotions, focus, and overall mental well-being. If an individual is seeking clarity on how emotional regulation or cognitive challenges may relate to a formal diagnosis, a psychologist is generally the professional to consult.
The Role of Occupational Therapists
Occupational therapists, on the other hand, consider the functional impact of emotional dysregulation within the context of specific activities that a person wants or needs to engage in daily. The approach is highly individualised, accounting for personal preferences, strengths, and challenges. OTs assess various factors that influence participation, such as sensory processing, motor skills, social interactions, environmental factors, and academic demands. Using this information, OTs design intervention strategies that are meaningful and practical. This may involve modifying the environment, adapting activities, or developing sensory and motor strategies to enhance participation and engagement in daily tasks.
Complementary Approaches
Both psychology and occupational therapy contribute significantly to the development of emotional regulation skills. While psychologists work on cognitive and behavioural aspects, OTs address how these challenges translate into real-world function and participation. Together, these approaches offer a holistic framework for supporting neurodivergent individuals.
It is worth noting that while OTs do not provide formal diagnoses, some have undertaken additional training that enables them to contribute meaningfully to a multidisciplinary diagnostic team. If a formal diagnosis is required, collaboration with a psychologist or other medical professionals is necessary.
Choosing the Right Support
Determining whether to seek support from a psychologist or an OT depends on the specific needs of the individual. If cognitive strategies and structured emotional regulation techniques are required, a psychologist may be the best fit. If the goal is to improve functional participation in everyday activities, an OT’s approach may be more suitable.
By understanding the distinctions between these professions, neurodivergent individuals and their families can make informed decisions about the most appropriate support to help them thrive.
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